题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
如果结果不匹配，请 联系老师 获取答案
更多“Some critics of Graf's treatme…”相关的问题
Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure.
Parents are also concerned about the commercials (商业广告) that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.
Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet (字母) and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.
Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive (被动的) consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it
1). Which of the following statements is not based on the passage？
A. Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children.
B. Television has much influence on children.
C. Both parents and their children like watching educational television.
D. Some critics think that television is no good for children.
2). In what ways do children suffer from television？
A. They become the victims of social violence.
B. They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work.
C. The programs make the children lose interest in the world.
D. The programs make the children spend too much of their parents’ money.
3). Parents would not like their children to see commercials because ______
A. they think that their children are not old enough to handle advertising
B. commercials teach children alphabet and numbers
C. commercials help to sell products
D. they don’t like commercials
4). Educational television is widely appreciated because _____
A. it does have the same commercials as others
B. it offers programs for both children and their parents
C. many parents like the programs it offers for their children
D. children can learn some school subjects before they go to school
5). Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage？
A. Watching Too Much Television Is Harmful to Young Minds.
B. Television Is More Harmful than Educational.
C. Television’s Influence on Children.
D. More Education Television.
The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten(幼儿园), usually begins between the ages of five and six. Among rich countries such a late start is very strange. President Obama believes it is an economic and social problem; his education secretary goes as far as to say that it is “morally wrong”. This statement has some support,as it is clear from research into vocabulary that youngsters from poor families enter kindergarten well behind those from rich families a disadvantage that usually lasts a lifetime. Children from households on welfare knew 525 words by the age of three, while the children of professionals had mastered 1,116.
Pre-school can help close this gap. So in a speech last month, Mr. Obama called for a partnership between the federal government and the state, to expand it to every American child. It later became known that “every” meant those who come from families with incomes of up to 200% above the poverty line-equal to an income of $47,000 for a family of four.
Some critics(评论家)say that sending children to school at the age of four does not work. The evidence suggests otherwise. For example, on March 20th new results were announced from a study of 9 to 11 year olds in New Jersey. This report found that disadvantaged children who had attended preschool had better literacy(读写能力), language, math and science skills. And two years of prekindergarten were better than one.
Some studies also follow the effects of early learning over lifetimes, such as its effect on crime rates and other factors that may eventually burden society. Critics have singled out a government scheme called Head Start, created in 1965, which provides poor households with a range of services including school-based early education.
21. The kindergarten in other rich countries usually begins()than in America.
A. earlier
B. later
C. slower
22. Which is TRUE about the vocabulary size of the two groups of kids？
A. Poor preschool kids have a larger vocabulary than rich ones.
B. Rich preschool kids have a larger vocabulary than poor ones.
C. There is no obvious difference between the two groups of kids.
23. Which of the following about the New Jersey study is TRUE？
A. There is no evidence to support the New Jersey study.
B. Two years of prekindergarten were better than one.
C. Sending children to school at the age of four is not going to help.
24. The phrase “single out” in the last paragraph means().
A. count
B. think about
C. choose
25. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？
A. Secondary Education.
B. Preschool Education.
C. Poor Kids' Education.
Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign-has taken one of the more successful public-health campaigns—the Food Guide Pyramid—and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America's Department of Agriculture caved to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect theft products.
The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of gains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products, meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous program, which was centered on the idea of four basic food groups. The "Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up haft of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries.
The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understandable way. The new pyramid, called "My Pyramid", abandons the effort to provide this information. Instead, it has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multi-colored vertical stripes which, in some versions, rise out of a cartoon jumble of foods that look like the aftermath of a riot at a grocery store. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, sex and activity level, and get a custom-designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is free for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information.
Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States' Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back of a cereal box. And they had to do this in the face of pressure from dozens of special interest groups—from the country's Potato Board, which thought potatoes would look nice in the picture, to the Almond Board of California, which felt the same way about almonds. Even the National Watermelon Promotion Board and the California Avocado Commission were eager to see their products recognized.
Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. Although officials insist industry pressure had nothing to do with the eventual design, some critics suspect that political influence was at work. On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid—a big success in the world of public-health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice.
Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business can be easily proved by the fact that
A．public-health campaigns cannot compete with tempting flavors.
B．snack-food and fast-food industries are flourishing in the US.
C．most food in America are profoundly rich in fat and sugar.
D．fat people account for a large proportion of American population.
Judith Wallerstein says problems from divorce can last many years. They can show up when the kids are adults. And the kids have their own trouble. Wallerstein studied 93 children over a generation. The results can be found in her book.
She says that children of divorce are more likely to have problems with drugs. They are far more likely to seek therapy. About 40 percent of them avoid marriage themselves. When they do marry, fail at nearly twice the usual rate. It is hard for them to trust. They are afraid of failing.
Critics say Wallerstein had too few children in her study. They think that Wallerstein stresses too much from a small study. Other things may be the cause of the kid's problems. The study does not compare kids from divorced families with kids from "healthy" families.
Wallerstein's families divorced a generation ago. Times have changed. People feel different a bout divorce. Today programs like Kid's Turn try to reduce some of the effects of divorce with family advice. Talking about their feelings helps the kids get through it. Since they know more about the problems, maybe the kids will be able to handle it.
Which word can best describe the kids from divorced families according to Paragraph 1？
A．Offensive.
B．Relieved
C．Depressed
D．Prejudiced
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom— or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $ 2,500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ______.
A．easy availability
B．flexibility in pricing
C．successful promotion
D．popularity with households
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.
[A]easy availability
[B]flexibility in pricing
[C] successful promotion
[D] popularity with households
听力原文： Edgar Poe, an American writer, was born in 1809. His parents were actors. Edgar was a baby when his father left the family. He was two years old when his mother died. He was taken into the home of a wealthy business man named John Allen. He then received his new name, Edgar Allen Poe. As a young man, Poe attended the University of Virginia. He was a good student, but he liked to drink alcohol and play card games for money. As an unskilled game player, he often lost money. Since he couldn't pay his gambling losses, he left the university and began working for magazines. He worked hard, yet he was not well paid, or well known. At the age of 27, he got married. For a time it seemed that Poe would find happiness, but his wife was sick for most of their marriage, and died in 1847.
Through all his crises, Poe produced many stories and poems which appeared in different publications, yet he didn't become famous until 1845, when his poem, The Raven, was published. There is a question, however, about Poe's importance in American Literature. Some critics say Poe was one of America's best writers, and even had a great influence on many French writers. But others disagree. They my Poe's work is difficult to understand and most of his writing de scribes very unpleasant situations and events. Edgar Allen Poe died in 1849 when he was 40 years old. It is said that he was found dead after days of heavy drinking.
(33)
A．His father caught a serious disease.
B．His mother passed away.
C．His mother left him to marry a rich businessman.
D．His father took to drinking.
Historical precedent suggests that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses thatpollute and poison but it takes time，and success often starts small. So it is heartening to note that aprogramme in Leeds has achieved a reduction in childhood obesity，becoming the first UK city to reverse afattening trend. The best results were among younger children and in more deprived areas. When 28% ofEnglish children aged two to 15 are obese，a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthenhundreds of thousands of lives.A significant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a scheme calledHENRY，which helps parents reward behaviours that prevent obesity in children.
Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesitystrategy，since it involves a “sugar tax”and a ban on the sale of energy drinks to under-16s.Bans and taxescan be blunt instruments，but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods.These critics justoppose regulation itself.
The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for governments to be passiveabout large-scale intervention.People living in the most deprived areas are four times more pronc to diefrom avoidable causes than counterparts in more affluent places.As the structural nature of public healthproblcms becomes harder to ignore，the complaint about overprotective government loses potency.
In fact，the polarised debate over public health interventions should have been abandoned long ago.Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals need governments thatexpand access to good choices. The HENRY programme was delivered in part through children's centres.Closing such centres and cutting council budgets doesn't magically increase reserves of individual self-reliance. The function of a well-designed state intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to buildsocial capacity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for their wellbeing. The obesitycrisis will not have a solution devised by left or right ideology—but experience indicates that the private sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously.
46. Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve？
A) Government health budgcts are depleted.
B)People disagree as to who should do what.
C) Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilities.
D) Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods.
47. What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies？
A)Governments have a role to play.
B) Public health is a scientific issue.
C) Priority should be given to deprived regions.
D) Businesses’responsibility should be stressed.
48. What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks？
A) They are not aware of the consequcnces of obesity.
B)They have not come up with anything more constructive.
C)They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate.
D) They have their own motives in opposing government regulation.
49. Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality？
A) To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.
B)To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain.
C)To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public.
D) To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.
50. When will government action be effective？
A)When the polarised debate is abandoned.
B)When ideological differences are resolved.
C) When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.
D) When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis.
