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Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half

fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

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更多“Most people would define optim…”相关的问题

第1题

The passage mainly tells us that______.A. money is the most important thing B. there

The passage mainly tells us that______.

A. money is the most important thing

B. there is something more important than money

C. we should look into their eyes while talking to people

D. the more money you have, the less happy you would be

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第2题

The author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about Thomas J

efferson？

A．He had a broad vision of his country's future.

B．He put the interests of Virginia ahead of those of the Union.

C．He ignored the advice of people who settled the western region.

D．He was one of the first government officials to travel in the western United States.

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第3题

According to the passage, how would a person who stays abroad most probably react when he

is frustrated by the culture shock？

A．He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first.

B．He is ready to accept the change and adapt himself to the new environment.

C．Although he takes the culture difference for granted, he still doesn't know how to do with it.

D．He may begin to hate the people or things around him.

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第4题

Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entreprene

urs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.

It is noteworthy that close to50% of its skilled manpower, including engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, come from Asia. Prominent among them are Indians and Chinese, and not a few Singaporeans. They include such illustrious names as Vinod Khosla who co-founded Sun Microsystems, Jerry Yang of Yahoo fame and Singaporean Sim Wong Hoo, to name a few.

Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity？ There are several crucial factors.

First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses that the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place.

Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough.

A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual SUCCESS.

Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition.

The Valley’s professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps, which sustain them until their mission is accomplished.

Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate’s proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple’s Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft’s Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community.

While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form. as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one’s vision and track record, and not one’s nationality, skin colour or creed. This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle. and agreeable climate, lure foreigners to its shores.

However, with the collapse of the US NASDAQ share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot.com millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned.

Be that as it may, the majority in the Valley view this traumatic experience only as a temporary setback for the

A．look for fame.

B．become rich quickly.

C．take part in a technological revolution.

D．emigrate there.

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第5题

If you asked people what the most important invention has been,many would say the printing press

If you asked people what the most important invention has been,many would say the printing press. Others _1_ say the wheel.But even though it’s_2_whether the appearance of the printing press affected the course of history more than the wheel，the printing press _3_ within the top two or three inventions in history. _4_ the telephone, the television,the radio, and the computer,the written word was the only way to _5_ ideas to people too far away to talk with.Until the 6th or 7th century,all books had to be written _6_.Creating a book was difficult，and very few existed.Therefore，very few people read books.

In the 6th and 7th centuries, the Chinese invented a way to print pages by _7_ characters and pictures on wooden，ivory，or clay blocks.They would print a page from the block by putting _8_ on the block and pressing paper onto the ink.This _9_ is called letterpress printing.The invention of letterpress printing was a great advance in communication _10_ each block could be inked many times and many copies of each page could be made.Many books could now be made.Therefore，many people could read the same book.

1.A.might B.ought to C.had to D.should

2.A.variable B.agreeable C.reliable D.debatable

3.A.lists B.ranges C.ranks D.covers

4.A.Now that B.No longer C.Long before D.Since then

5.A.invent B.communicate C.generalize D.motivate

6.A.by hand B.at heart C.on foot D.in mind

7.A.drawing B.painting C.writing D.carving

8.A.chalk B.oil C.ink D.crystal

9.A.definition B.action C.movement D.process

10.A.when B.because C.although D.if

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第6题

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent－minded of us will conform

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform. to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform. it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙 )of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least o ne wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform. in this way？ In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform. because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street？It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance.

25. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“ ()”.

A.seek independence

B.disobey orders

C.seek pleasure

D.follow what others do

26.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2？ To().

A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others

B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others

C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded

D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others

27.In the last paragraph, according to the author,why wouldn’t one help the woman ？He().

A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand

B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it

C.is too shy to give his helping hand

D.thinks someone else will offer assistance

28.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text？ (

A.Giving examples.

B.Cause-effect analysis.

C.Comparative analysis.

D.Process analysis.

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第7题

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us bel

ieve, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits？

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.

It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modem education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"--if the term can be applied to people without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that 'all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.

The word "interest" in the first paragraph most probably means ______.

A．pleasure

B．returns

C．share

D．knowledge

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第8题

One argument used to support the idea that employment will continue to be the dominant for

m. of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall. People in jobs will work fewer hours in the day, fewer days in the week, fewer weeks in the year, and fewer years in a lifetime, than they do now. This will mean that more jobs will be available for more people. This, it is said, is the way we should set about restoring full employment.

There is no doubt that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, job-sharing -- these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs -- are certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work -- involving paid employment at certain stages of life, but not at others -- will become widespread. But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant form. of work.

In the first place, so long as employment remains the overwhelmingly important form. of work and source of income for most people that it is today, it is very difficult to see how reductions in employees' working time can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britain and Germany, about the possibility of introducing a 35-hour working week, have highlighted some of the difficulties. But, secondly, if changes of this kind were to take place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it, the resulting situation --in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week -- could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form. of work. There would be so many people spending so much of their time on other activities, including other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some extent.

The author uses the negotiations in Britain and Germany as an example to

A．support reductions in employees' working time.

B．indicate employees are unwilling to share jobs.

C．prove the possibility of sharing paid employment.

D．show that employment will lose its dominance.

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第9题

根据以下内容，回答下列各题。Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money．Most people can bud

根据以下内容，回答下列各题。

Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money．Most people can budget their money so that their income will cover expected expenses _52_ food, clothing, housing, and public services．But, there is no way to know _53_ who will suffer a crisis (危机) such as a serious illness, fire, flood, or a car accident．Such crises usually _54_ great expense．Even if people could predict crises, it would be hard to save enough money to _55_ the expenses．Insurance is a system _56_ a company collects money from many individuals and then pays certain expenses whenever one of those insured individuals is faced with a certain crisis．An insurance policy _57_ how much the insurance costs and how much the company will pay when a policy holder is faced with a certain crisis．There are many different kinds of insurance, _58_ hospital, motor-car and fire．Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kin

D．Insurance is something _59_ people buy and hope they will _60_ need．

51._________

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.with

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第10题

Everything has a name. All people, places, and things have names. For example, Jenny is th

e name of a student from England. England is the name of her country. Cities and towns have names, too. Schools and office buildings also have names. All things have names. For example, tomato, potato and bean are names of vegetables. Apple, orange and banana are names of fruits. Names are important.

We use names every day. When we meet a new person, we usually ask, "What's your name？" It is important to learn a person's name. Most people have two names. Some people have more names. Names are different all over the world. In Jenny's class, Jenny must learn the names of students from all over the world. This is very difficult because the names are very different.

In the United States, most people have a first name, a middle name, and a last name. Parents, choose the first and middle names for their baby. There are names for boys 'and names for girls. For example, John, Peter, Tom, and Mike are all names for boys. Elizabeth, Betty, Susan, and Mary are all names for girls, The last name is the family name. Usually it is the father's family name. In a family, the mother, the father, and the children usually have the same last name.

Sometimes a person has a nickname (绰号) , too: A nickname is a special name. It is not a person's real name. Abraham Lincoln's nickname was "Honest Abe". An honest person always tells the truth, and Abe is short for Abraham. Because he was an honest person, his nickname was "Honest Abe". Pele (贝利) is a nickname, too. The football player's real name is Edison Arantes de Nascimento, but everyone calls him Pele. Do you have a nickname？

Names are different all over the world. They can be long or short, but they are always very important.

Why does everything have a name？

A．It is very interesting to have a name.

B．It is very easy to be remembered.

C．It is very easy to be told from others.

D．Both B and C

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第11题

根据下列短文，回答下列各题。 Like most people, Ive long understood that I will be judged b

y my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how Im treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect theyd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where Id been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like apeon (勤杂工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day Id be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked--cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. Its no secret that theres a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didnt get the difference between server and servant. Im now applying to graduate school, which means someday Ill return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think Ill take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them. The author was disappointed to find that _______.

A.ones position is used as a gauge to measure ones intelligence

B.talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job

C.ones occupation affects the way one is treated as a person

D.professionals tend to look down upon manual workers

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