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In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the we

stern Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"

Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian's rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.

It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.

Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform. often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

A.From 1710 to 1780, European soldiers came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes.

B.European soldiers were quite friendly to the Indian groups.

C.The Indian groups had no leaders.

D.The Indian groups were friendly to each other without a formal leadership system.

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更多“In the seventeenth century, Eu…”相关的问题
第1题
In the seventeenth century English inns set _______ for accommodations in other parts
of Europe.

A、the mode

B、the way

C、the standard

D、the taverns

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第2题
The development of Jamestown in Virginia during the second half of the seventeenth century
was closely related to the making and using of bricks. There are several practical reasons why bricks be came important to the colony.

Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads. Later, when the timber on the peninsula had been depleted, wood had to be brought from some distance. Building stone was also in short sup ply. However, as clay was plentiful, it was inevitably that the colonists would turn to brickmaking.

In addition to practical reasons for using brick as the principal construction material, there was also an ideological reason. Brick represented durability and permanence. The Virginia company of London instructed the colonists to build hospitals and new residences out of brick. In 1662, the town Act of the Virginia Assembly provided for the construction of thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the use of wood as a construction material. Had this law ever been successfully enforced, James town would have been a model city. Instead, the residents failed to comply fully with the law; and by 1699 Jamestown had collapsed into a pile of rubble with only three or four houses where people could stay.

What is the subject of this passage?

A.The reasons for brickmaking in Jamestown.

B.The cause of the failure of Jamestown.

C.The laws of the Virginia colonists.

D.The problems of the early American colonies.

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第3题
Language is human speech, either written or spoken.All languages have a system of sou
nds, words, a system of word order, and grammar.Word order is more important in English than in some other languages.The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many African languages.

Language is always changing.The earliest known languages had complicated grammar but a small, limited vocabulary.Over the centuries, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew.For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gave names to all the new plants and animals they found.In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies.Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast, too.

There are several major language families in the world.Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently.The languages in each family are related, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language.

We learn our own languages by listening and copying.We do this without studying or thinking about it.But learning a foreign language takes a lot of study and practice.

(1).What do all languages in the world have?

A.Complicated vocabularies

B.Single grammar

C.Large vocabularies

D.A system of sounds

(2).What does the earliest known languages have?

A.Different word orders

B.Difficult grammar

C.Difficult vocabularies

D.Easy sound system

(3).What did the English and Spanish people who came to America do?

A.They gave names to different animals

B.They found many new plants and animals

C.They changed the grammar of English and Spanish

D.They introduced new words into English and Spanish

(4).Scientists think that the languages in each family_________________________.

A.are related

B.should be divided differently

C.should be separated

D.are not very different

(5).According to the passage, we learn our own language by_________________________.

A.thinking about it

B.practicing it

C.listening and copying

D.studying it

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第4题
阅读:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.

There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

31. News spreads fast because of____.

A.modern transportation B.new technology C.the change of the world D.a peace agreement 

32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.

A.fast communication B.modern technology C.latest news D.new ideas 

33. Which of the following statements is true?

A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.

B.The world is actually smaller today.

C.The world is changing its size.

D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 

34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.

A.by telephone and telegraph B.by land C.by air D.by sea 

35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.

A.by both sides B.in time C.in America D.in England 

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第5题
How to Find Time to ReadDo you want to know how to improve yourself all the time without h

How to Find Time to Read

Do you want to know how to improve yourself all the time without having to spend more time reading because you get involved in work everyday? Does it sound too good to be true? Well, read on, please.

An Average Reader

If you are an average reader you can read an average book at the rate of 300 words a minute. You cannot maintain that average, however, unless you read regularly every day. Nor can you reach that speed with hard books in science, mathematics, agriculture, business, or any subject that is new or unfamiliar to you. The chances are that you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race through some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger. But for most of the novels, biographies, and books about travel, hobbies or personal interests, if you are an average reader you should have no trouble at all in absorbing meaning and pleasure out of 300 printed words every 60 seconds.

Statistics are not always practical, but consider the following: If the average reader can read 300 words a minute of average reading, then in 15 minutes he can read 4 500 words. Multiplied by 7, the days of the week, the product is 315 000. Another multiplication by 12, the months of the year, results in a grand total of 1 512 000 words. That is the total number of words of average reading an average reader can do in just 15 minutes a day for one year.

Books vary in length from 60 000 to 1 000 000 words. The average is about 75 000 words. In one year of average reading by an average reader for 15 minutes a day, 20 books will be read. That's a lot of books. It is 4 times the number of books read by public-library borrowers in America. And yet it is easily possible.

Sir William Osier

One of the greatest of all modern physicians was Sir William Osier. He taught at the Johns Hopkins Medical School He finished his teaching days at McGill University. Many of the out-standing physicians today were his students. Nearly all of the practicing doctors of today were brought up on his medical textbooks. Among his many remarkable contributions to medicine are his unpublished notes on how the people die.

His greatness is attributed by his biographers and critics not alone to his profound medical knowledge and insight but to his broad general education, for he was a very cultured man. He was very interested in what men have done and taught throughout the ages. And he knew that the only way to find out what the best experiences of the race had been was to read what people had written. But Osler's problem was the same as everyone else's, only more so. He was a busy physician, a teacher of physicians, and a medical-research specialist. There was no time in a 4-hour day that did not rightly belong to one of these three occupations, except the few hours for sleep, meals, and bodily functions.

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In his lifetime, Osler read a significant library of books. Just do a mental calculation for halfa century of 15-minute reading periods daily and see how many books you get. Consider what a range of interests and variety of subjects are possible in one lifetime. Osler read widely outside of medical specialty. Indeed, he developed from this 15-minute reading habit a vocational specialty to balance his vocational specialization. Among scholars in English literature, Osler is known as an authority on Sir Thomas Browne, seventeenth century English prose master, and Osler's library on Sir Thomas is considered one of t

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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第6题
展示柜的温度符合要求:冷藏多少度,冷冻多少度()

A.(5-8°C)(-18°C - -23 °C)

B.(0-5°C)(-10°C - -18°C)

C.(5-8°C)(-10°C - -18°C)

D.(0-4°C)(-18°C - -23°C)

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第7题
判断字符型变量c的值是否为大写英文字母的表达式是()

A.c>=A && c<=Z

B.c>=’A’ || c<=’Z’

C.c>=”A” && c<=”Z”

D.c>=’A’ && c <= ‘Z’

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第8题
下列各式中不成立的是?()

A.(A∩B)×(C∩D)=(A×C)∩(B×D)

B.(A∪B)×(C∪D)=(A×C)∪(B×D)

C.A×(B∪C)=(A×B)∪(A×C)

D.(A∩B)×C=(A×C)∩(B×C)

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第9题
一般而言,皮革的收缩温度为()。

A.40°C—60°C

B.50°C—70°C

C.70°C—80°

D.80°C—100°C

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第10题
四条经线长度关系()

A.>C>A>B

B.>C>B>A

C.>C=B>A

D.=C=B=A

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