??(1)Each child has his individual pattern of soci...

第1题

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were

young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.

According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that______.

A．life for a child is comparatively easy

B．a child is always loved whatever he does

C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D．only children are interested in life

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第2题

How often does one hear children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they w

ere young again？ Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains; he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.

According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that

A．life for a child is comparatively easy

B．a child is always loved whatever he does

C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D．only children are interested in life

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第3题

Part ADirections :Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' ch

Part A

Directions :

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on，ANSWER SHEET1.

Text 1

Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London cafe, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: men's reluctance to commit, women's independence, and when to have children-or, increasing-Iy， whether to have them at all. "With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I won't marry anyone just to have a child," says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are great-if the timing is right. But they're certainly not essential.

In much of the world, having kids is no longer a given. "Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies," says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond.

A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-classmen. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years.

The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past，childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to have-or not have-a child is the result of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle. and economics.

In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form. of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men don't help out, and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. "In Japan, it's career or child，"says writer Kaori Haishi . It's not just women who are deciding against children; according to a re-cent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may have more to do with economic factors.

46. Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not _________

[ A] totally wise

[ B] a huge problem

[ C] a rational choice

[ D ] absolutely necessary

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第4题

Text 1 The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be

Text 1

The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may c

hange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.

In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the i

ndividual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age

loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as ri

ghts; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal pro

visions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.

41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.

[A] the definition of maturity has changed

[B] the industrialized society is more developed

[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made

[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance

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第5题

听力原文：An American study found, on average, a child watches between four and five hours

听力原文： An American study found, on average, a child watches between four and five hours of television each weekday, and ten hours on Saturday and Sunday. It was also noted that a typical child watches 25, 000 hours of television before his or her 18th birthday. In the life of Children, watching television is a significant sensory ex perience. Many children easily spend more time with the box than they do with any other form. of entertainment. Each year children read less and less and watch television more and more. In fact, Americans of all ages watch more television each year. The typical child sits in front of the television about four hours a day -- and for children in lower socioeconomic families the a mount of time thus spent is even greater. In either case, the child spends more time with TV than he or she spends talking to parents, playing with peers, attending school, or reading books. TV time appropriates family time, play time, and the reading time that could pro mote language development. Watching TV is a passive event. Children and adults, remain completely immobile while viewing the box. Most viewing experiences, at least among Americans, are both quiet and non-inter active. All attention is given to the images. Just like the operating room light, television creates an environment that attacks and beats the child; he can respond to it only by bringing into play his shutdown mechanism, and thus becomes more passive. Children arc often hooked. A highly active child will remain inactive while watching TV because that is what the medium requires. To morrow, we shall talk about violence on TV and its effects on children.

(33)

A．Children's IQ and TV.

B．The whole amount of time children spend watching TV.

C．The effect TV has on learning.

D．The amount of time the average child spends watching TV.

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第6题

Regular child care provided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in i

tself undermine healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month-old infants, according to a long-term national study. The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hours or more per week. Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers, however, the mother-child relationship may be damaged. "This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail," contends Jay Belsky, a psychologist. The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston. The youngsters, no more than 1 month old when they entered the study in 1991, will be tracked until the age of 7. Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caretakers interacting with the kids at ages 1, 6, and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness. Unlike most previous studies, this one allows researchers to observe each caretaker's personality at child nursing, and kids' emotional reaction by the equipment.From the first paragraph we know that ______.A.mother care is the best according to a national studyB.child care outside home is the best in accordance with the studyC.regular child care outside home may play a role as a motherD.connections between mothers and infants are damaged by outside care

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第7题

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they w

ere young again.Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Youth is a time when there are few tasks to make life difficult.If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved.It is impossible that he will again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child— things that have lost their interest for older people.But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably.If he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison.If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up his position in society.

1.People can experience happiness if they ________.

A.always think of the past and regret it

B.value the present

C.are no longer young

D.become old and have much experience

2.When people were young, they used to _______.

A.be in charge of many business

B.have few things to think about and take on

C.look after their younger sisters and brothers

D.face a lot of difficulties

3.The pains of children lie in the fact that _______.

A.no one helps them make right decisions

B.they are not allowed to do what they like to do

C.they cannot be accepted and praised by others

D.they are often beaten by their parents

4.Children are usually happy because _______.

A.old people lose interest in them

B.they are free to do wrong

C.they are familiar with everything going on around them

D.things are new to them

5.The author presents the passage in a(n) _____ tone.

A.hostile

B.enthusiastic

C.critical

D.instructive

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第8题

Imagine a world in which children would be the rulers and could decide not only the outcom

e of each and every occurrence, but also dictate the very structure and form. of the environment. In this world, a child's wildest thoughts would become reality, limited only by the extent of his or her imagination. While such a world might sound both fantastic and frightening, at least from a logical, adult perspective, it does exist. What's more, it has been in existence for some time and is populated by hundreds of thousands of children who spend hours within its boundaries experimenting and learning. This world is not real, at least not in the traditional sense, but exists within a computer and is generated by an educational programming language called LOGO. Unlike other computer languages and programs that are designed to test children and provide applications that formally dispense information, LOGO allows children, even preschool children, to be in total control. Children teach the computer to think and as a result develop and sharpen their own reasoning abilities.In the imagined world ______ would restrict children's wildest thoughts.A.the limits of their imaginationB.the structure and form. of the environmentC.the reality of lifeD.the roles of the society

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第9题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical

survival and beyond that, is own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity,and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination (从属)，and their psychological needsand capacities received little consideration.

As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.

This new way of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a great interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’ s child by spreading the principle of current and fashionable theories and methods of child-rearing. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A.The Child as a Utilitarian Organism.

B.The Development of Cultural Values.

C.The Children of Colonial North America

D.The Place of Children in American Society.

____Children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their.A.survival ability

B.physical characteristics

C.productive capacity

D.academic achievements

____It can be inferred from the passage that formal schooling in colonial North America was____.A.highly disciplined

B.generally required by law

C.improperly administered

D.considered relatively unimportant

According to the passage, parents have become increasingly interested in____.A.their children’ s future occupations

B.having smaller families

C.adoption programs for childless couples

D.child-rearing techniques

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第10题

I. Q. stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person's intelligence found

by means of an intelligence test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm. It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks m a particular test. To know whether he is clever, average, or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in that test.

In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet, devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a standard of intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of" mental age".

First, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale by which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine.

The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests m terms of norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the" mental" and the" chronological" age. Then the boy in the example given would be" three years retarded". Soon, however, the" mental ratio" was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75.

The mental age was replaced by the intelligence quotient or" I. Q". Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average I. Q. is 100.

To judge a child's standard, his marks in a test must be compared with marks gained by ______.

A．others of the same age

B．older children

C．younger children

D．adults

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？？（1）Each child has his individual pattern of soci...