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Paragraph 1
My name is Brandon and I began Humans of New York in the summer of 2010.I thought it would be really cool to create a catalogue of New York City’s people, so I set out to photograph 10,000 New Yorkers and put their photos on a map.(1) I worked for several months with this goal in mind.(2) But along the way, I started collecting quotes and short stories from the people I met.Taken together, these pictures and captions became the subject of a blog.(3) Blogs are popular with all age groups.(4) With over eight million followers on social media, HONY now provides a worldwide audience with daily looks into the lives of strangers in New York City.It has also become a #1 NYT bestselling book.
Paragraph 2
Learning a second language can provide a deeper understanding of a foreign culture.Social habits that may not make sense to most outsiders might start to make more sense after a few vocabulary lessons.For example, I always wondered why my Dutch cousins rarely said “you’re welcome” after I said “thank you”.(1) My cousin can speak English but sometimes makes mistakes.(2) At first, I thought he was being rude, but when I learned more about his language, I realized that they don’t use “you’re welcome” the same way we do: in response to “thank you”.(3) They actually say something that translates to “If you please” when they offer you something.(4) This is one of the first things I learned about Dutch culture when I started to learn their language and it gave me a different perspective on the roles of host and guest since in Dutch the onus to be polite is on the host, and not the guest as it seems to be in English.
My interest in Chinese food started years a90，when l was a young reporter for the Washington Post．Our office Wasn’t far from Chinatown，where I found some very good Chinese restaurants．
The first time I ever ate Chinese food I loved it．I noticed the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables．When I learned more about the food，I began to understand why it has this special feature．
Many years ago，China had an energy crisis(危机)because it lost much of its wood due to over population and poor management of its forests．This loss was very bad for the country，of course，but it turned out to be very good for the food．Wood became very expensive and hard to get，so the Chinese had to either find a substitute(替代物)for their valuable wood，or learn how to use it better．There weren’t any substitutes so people found ways to—economize．
In order to economize in cookin9，they had to use very little wood．So they started cutting their meat and vegetables into small pieces before they put them in the hot oil．That way，the food cooked faster and they saved their fuel。The food prepared in this way kept its fresh flavor(味道)一and its this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking．
This text is mainly about__________．
A.what caused Chinese food to taste fresh
B.how Chinese food is cooked in the US
C.when the author started to make Chinese food
D.why most foreigners like cooking Chinese food
Today, more than 45 years later, I always check out " It pays to Enrich Your Word Power" first when the Digest comes each month. I am impressed with that idea, word power. Reader's Digest knows the power that words have to move people to entertain, inform. and inspire. The Digest editors know that the big word isn't always the best word. Take just one example, a Quotable Quote from the February 1985 issue: " Time is a playful thing. It slips quickly and drinks the day like a bowl of milk. "
Seventeen words, only two of them more than one syllable, yet how much they convey! That's usually how it is with Reader's Digest. The small and simple can be profound.
As chairman of a foundation to restore the Statue of Liberty, I've been making a lot of speeches lately. I try to keep them fairly short. I use small but vivid words: words like "hope" , "guts", "faith" and "dreams". Those are words that move people and say so much about the spirit of America.
Don't get me wrong. I'm not against using big words, when it is right to do so, but I have also learned that a small word can work a small miracle—if it's the right word, in the right place, at the right time. It's a "secret" that I hope I will never forget.
The passage is mainly about______.
A．one of the many old memories
B．using simple words to express profound ideas
C．Reader's Digest and school speeches
D．how to make effective speeches
When memory began for me, my grandfather was past sixty -- a great tall man with thick hair becoming gray. He had black eyes and a straight nose which ended in a slightly flattened tip. Once he explained seriously to me that he got that flattened tip as a small child when he fell down and stepped On his nose.The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years of work which had bent his shoulders had never dulled his humor nor his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, "Gramp" made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said, "Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that." Then he drove away with his horses.The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink."How many bags of potatoes were there？" Gramp inquired."I don't know."
"How many potatoes did you pick up？"
"I didn't pick any."
"Not any! Why not？"
"You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn't say I had to."
In the next few minutes I learned a lesson I would not forget, when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.My grandmother ("Gram") worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, making butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.Gram hated cruelty and injustice. The injustices of history, even those of a thousand years before, angered her as much as the injustices of her own day.She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five, and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful patterns on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds -- all that was beautiful around her -- pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who used to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, "See how beautiful this is!"
In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, manage to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.Such were the two people with whom I spent the months from June to September in the wonderful days of summer and youth.
1.We know that Grandpa's nose ____
A、was flattened because it had been stepped on
B、was not flat when he was a boy
C、was both straight and broad
D、was straight but its tip was a bit flat
2.We learn from the passage that Grandpa ____
A、loved to give orders
B、liked making suggestions
C、was friendly and humorous
D、was a serious and strict person
3.When Grandpa told the writer to pick up potatoes if he wanted to do that, he meant that ____
A、he had to do it
B、he could do it if he wanted to
C、he could do it anytime he was ready
D、he did not really have to do so
4.The writer describes his Grandma as ____
A、someone who could find beauty in life
B、a very obedient housewife
C、a woman who complained about the injustices of life
D、a woman who loved Millet's paintings
5.According to the passage, in the days of the writer's grandparents ____
A、it was difficult for people to keep the "soft qualities" of mind and character
B、most people understood how to appreciate the beautiful things in life
C、it was the "soft virtues" that were thought to be very important
D、only ordinary people managed to appreciate the beauty of nature
Before the job interview, I【26】through preparations, including a formal suit, a new ly-done hair, a few【27】on job interviews, and even some ancient Chinese poems【28】I encountered a learned interviewer. On that day everything went off【29】. I answered all the questions fluently. I felt very【30】. Jane was still there waiting for her turn. I made a "V"【31】to her. She smiled at me, looking a little worried. I【32】she was not as eloquent(雄辩的) as, I a week later, all of us received letters of【33】. Another week later, guess what happened! She got the job!【34】congratulating her, I asked her how she got it. She said, "I did【35】, I just wrote them a note of thanks after receiving the letter of refusal." Only then【36】I realize why all the applicants(应有者) has received the same letters and that was also a part of the【37】.
Only a note of thanks, but that was what made all the difference. This experience【38】me a good lesson, that, is【39】excellent you are, you should never forget the【40】manners of saying "thank you".
(41)
A．look through
B．live through
C．go through
D．go on
I have learned something about myself since I moved from Long Island to Florida three years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse. Instead of enjoying Florida’s mild winters, I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.
I’m like a migratory bird that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings flapping against season.
So what makes me fly against the tide of snowbirds？ The answer has a lot to do with my reluctance to give up the things that define who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has dipped into the range of 40 to 50 degrees, I begin to long for the sight and crackling sound of a wood fire. I also long for the bright display o￡ colors — first in the fall trees, and then in the limits around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate too, but can’t create the special feel of a New England winter.
I suppose the biggest reason why I return is to celebrate the holidays with people I haven’t seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner, or watching neighbors’ children excitedly open gifts on Christmas？ Even the first snowfall seems special. I especially enjoy seeing a bright red bird settling on a snow-covered branch (My wife and I spend winters at a retirement community in Ridge, and I’m grateful that I don’t have to shovel.)
While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasons why I come back. Who says you can’t go home？
(1) What does the underlined word "snowbird" in Paragraph 1 refer to？()
A、A person spending winter in a warmer climate
B、A bird seen chiefly in winter
C、A person permanently living in a foreign country
D、A bird flying to the south in winter
(2)What’s the difference between Florida and Long Island？()
A、Winters in Long Island are milder
B、The snowbirds in Long Island are rarer
C、Weather in Long Island is severer
D、Long Island is nearer to the ocean
(3)What did the author miss most when he was in Florida？()
A、The colorful light display
B、The family gathering
C、The cold temperature
D、The winter landscape
(4) Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？()
A、The author enjoyed living in Florida
B、The author had a good time in Florida
C、The author owned a home in Florida
D、The author did not like mild weather
(5)What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？()
A、To praise the beauty and warmth of his hometown
B、To describe his dream to be a free bird
C、To explain the reasons for moving from his hometown
D、To express his feeling of missing his hometown
Raju and His Father's Shop
My mother told me a story every evening while we waited for father to close the shop and come home. The shop remained open till midnight. Bullock-carts in long caravans arrived late in the evening from distant villages, loaded with coconut, rice, and other commodities for the market. The animals were unyoked under the big tamarind tree for the night, and the cartmen drifted in twos and threes to the shop, for a chat or to ask for things to eat or smoke. How my father loved to discuss with them the price of grain, rainfall, harvest, and the state of irrigation channels. Or they talked about old litigations. One heard repeated references to magistrates, affidavits, witnesses in the case, and appeals, punctuated with roars of laughter—possibly the memory of some absurd legality or loophole tickled them.
My father ignored food and sleep when he had company. My mother sent me out several times to see if he could be. made to turn in. He was a man of uncertain temper and one could not really guess how he would react to interruptions, and so my mother coached me to go up, watch his mood, and gently remind him of food and home. I stood under the shop-awning, coughing and clearing my throat, hoping to catch his eye. But the talk was all-absorbing and he would not glance in my direction, and I got absorbed in their talk, although I did not understand a word of it.
After a while my mother's voice came gently on the night air, calling, "Raju, Raju," and my father interrupted his activities to look at me and say, "Tell your mother not to wait for me. Tell her to place a handful of rice and buttermilk in a bowl, with just, one piece of lime pickle, and keep it in the oven for me. I'll come in later." It was almost a formula with him five days in a week. He always added, "Not that I'm really hungry tonight." And then I believe he went on to discuss health problems with his cronies.
But I didn't stop to hear further. I made a quick dash back home. There was a dark patch between the light from the shop and the dim lantern shedding its light on our threshold, a matter of about the yards, I suppose, but the passage through it gave me a cold sweat. I expected wild animals and supernatural creatures to emerge and grab mc. My mother waited on the doorstep to receive me and said, "Not hungry, I suppose! That'll give him an excuse to talk to the village folk all night, and then come in for an hour's sleep and get up with the crowing of that foolish cock somewhere. He will spoil his health."
I followed her into the kitchen. She placed my plate and hers side by side on the floor, drew the rice-pot within reach, and served me and herself simultaneously, and we finished our dinner by the sooty tin lamp, stuck on a nail in the wall. She unrolled a mat for me in the front room, and I lay down to sleep. She sat at my side, awaiting father's return. Her presence gave me a feeling of inexplicable coziness. I felt I ought to put her proximity to good use, and complained, "Something is bothering my hair," and she ran her fingers through my hair, and scratched the nape of my neck. And then I commanded, "A story."
Immediately she began, "Once upon a time there was a man called Devaka..." I heard his name mentioned almost every night. He was a hero, saint, or something of the kind. I never learned fully what he did or why, sleep overcoming me before my mother was through even the preamble.
Which of the following was NOT what we can infer from the conversation between Father and the cartmen？
A．Sometimes during lawsuits, one side or the other tricked the law, probably by finding faults in the legal code which were favorable to themselves.
B．There were times when the courts came to foolish decisions.
C．Matters related to fanning were of great interest to them.
D．The magistrates were ludicrous.
B
Last fall was a first-of-its-kind season. I did not arrange (安排) any after-school classes formy children. No swimming.'No music lessons. No play dates. Nothing.
Once they finished their homework, they were free to do what they pleased, but only onehour of TV. In the beginning, my sons, Ben, 11, and Nick, 9, were anxious about this sudden,unplanned freedom. I had to, push them out of the door with a ball, a bike, and so on. "Play？ Iordered.
I learned that this new plan takes time, patience and a lot of faith in the theory that havingexcellent grades isn't really important.
When my older kids, now in college and high school, were young, I brought in the rules ofmodern parenting. They are unspoken, but followed carefully. First, you must let your childhave a variety of activities. After all, you never know where you'll find a genius (天才). Second, if the child shows the slightest talent (才能), the activity must be pushed with lessons, special coaching (辅导) and practice of several days a week. Every minute should be taken and every minute has a purpose. That was really too much for my children.
Now with the new plan, we told stories, We listened to music. And' the. kids played with bikes, balls, and whatever was handy. Nobody kept score. In fact, the boys played outside so much that the lawn was worn down to the soil in places. They've made friends with those who come from all over the neighbourhood to play games.
We like those peaceful evenings. Ben and Nick have a good time this fall, MaYbe that's because the time offhas allowed us to enjoy each other's company;
40.What was new for the family last fall？
A. The children began to learn music when school was over.
B. The writer arranged no' extra lessons for the children.
C.The writer found no time to play with the sons.
D. The children had nothing toclo alter schooli
ThePerfect Essay
A) Looking back on too many yearsof education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me,and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were highimpossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
B) When good students turn in anessay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the samecondition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page:”Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Ofcourse, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I wasonly slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off tospread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was mymother.
C) My mother, who is just shy offive feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasionwhen she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset bymy hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my Englishteacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her redpen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I amsure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡), structure, style. and voice. But what I learned, and what stuckwith me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson aboutthe nature of creative criticism.
D) Fist off, it hurts. Genuinecriticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leavesan existential imprint(印记) on you asa person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticismpersonally. I say that we should never listen to these people.
E) Criticism, at its best, isdeeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able togive it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mentallife is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also thepeople who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me ittook the form. of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I wasnot able to produce anything for three years.
F) Franz Kafka once said:” Writingis utter solitude(独处), the descentinto the cold abyss(深渊) ofoneself. “My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the coldabyss, and when you make the introspective (内省的) decent that writing requires you are out always pleased by whatyou find.” But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggestedthat Kafka might be wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find acritic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “Itis a thing of no great difficulty,” according to Plutarch, “to raise objectionsagainst another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a betterin its place is a work extremely troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in thelater years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recallthem. What I remember, however, is how we took up the “extremely troublesome”work of ongoing criticism.
G) There are two ways to interpretPlutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce “a better inits place.” In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must bemore talented than the artist she critiques(评论). My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch issuggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to MarcusCicero’s claim that one should “criticize by creation, not by finding fault.”Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better onthis own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almostalways meaningful.
H) My mother said she would helpme with my writing, but fist I had myself. For each assignment, I was write thebest essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so ifshe found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start fromscratch. From scratch. Once the essay was “flawless,” she would take an eveningto walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type thatchanged me as a person, began.
I) She criticized me when Iincluded little-known references and professional jargon(行话). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures ofspeech. “Writers can’t bluff(虚张声势) theirway through ignorance.” That was news to me—I would need to find another way tostructure my daily existence.
J) She trimmed back my flowerylanguage, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value ofrestraint in expression. “John,” she almost whispered. I learned in to hearher:”I can’t hear you when you shout at me.” So I stopped shouting andbluffing, and slowly my writing improved.
K) Somewhere along the way I setaside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed somethingimportant in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps thepoint of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willinglyfinish. Whitman repeatedly reworded “Song of Myself” between 1855 and 1891.Repeatedly. We do our absolute best wiry a piece of writing, and come as closeas we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique,however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we hadachieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson Itook from my mother. If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.
46. The author was advised against theimproper use of figures of speech.
47. The author’s mother taught him avaluable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.
48. A writer should polish his writingrepeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.
49. Writers may experience periods of timein their life when they just can’t produce anything.
50. The author was not much surprised whenhis school teacher marked his essay as “flawless”.
51. Criticizing someone’s speech is said tobe easier than coming up with a better one.
52. The author looks upon his mother as hismost demanding and caring instructor.
53. The criticism the author received fromhis mother changed him as a person.
54. The author gradually improved hiswriting by avoiding fact language.
55. Constructive criticism gives an authora good start to improve his writing.
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops—adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.
I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.
Our son was a high-school senior when he had her for English. "He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends," she told me. "Why don't you move him to the front row？" I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, "I don't move seniors. I flunk(使…不及格) them." Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this. It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, why not？ "She's going to flunk you," I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority(头等要事) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.
I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. "I should have been held back," is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class, "I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma."
Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior. by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.
Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure.
People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.
What is the subject of this essay？
A．view point on learning
B．a qualified teacher
C．the importance of examination
D．the generation gap
