题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.in compared with
B.in compared to
C.compared with
D.compared to
如果结果不匹配，请 联系老师 获取答案
更多“Nuclear energy, despite its ea…”相关的问题
A. solution
B. policy
C. choice
D. reason
Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because______.
A．it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
B．it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C．it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
D．nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff
Obviously, nuclear power can never be the only (solve) ________ to energy crisis.
27. It was in his childhood that he read most of the books (write) ________ by Mark Twain.
28. Nobody at the meeting would (belief) ________ that the new proposal could be carried out smoothly.
29.If the rent is as much as $750 a month, water, gas and electricity should (include) ________.
30. The lecture was so (bore)________ that many classroom fell asleep.
31. Mr. Smith considered (sell) ________ his car and his house before moving to Beijing.
32. My mother (enjoy) ________ a better health since we came to live in this beautiful seaside city.
33. The government is trying to find a way to deal with the problem of pollution (effective) ________.
34. The young man did not have enough money; otherwise he (buy) ________ a more expensive watch.
35. With the help of the police, the woman finally found her (lose) ________ child after a sleepless night.
看资料，回答题
The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions
[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions．Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants， politicians love to talk big．Unfortunately for them （and often the taxpayers）， our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive， they are built to last for a very long time， they have a huge amount of inertia （meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ）， and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion．No matter how hard you try， you can"t turn something that large on a dime （10美分硬币 ）， or even a few thousand dimes．
[ B ] In physics， moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum．Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion．If you try to push a boulder （大圆石 ）， it pushes you back．Once you have started the boulder rolling， it develops momentum， which is defined by its mass and velocity．Momentum is said to be "conserved，" that is， once you build it up， it has to go somewhere．So a heavy object， like a football player moving at a high speed， has a lot of momentum-that is， once he is moving， it is hard to change his state of motion．If you want to change his course， you have only a few choices: you can stop him， transferring （possibly painfully） some of his kinetic energy （动能） to your own body， or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course．
[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well．After all， we don"t speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum．Whether it"s a sports team or a presidential campaign， everybody relishes having the big momentum， because it makes them harder to stop or change direction．
[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum．When a technology is deployed， its impacts reach far beyond itself．Consider the incandescent （白炽灯的） bulb， an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates．The incandescent light bulb， invented by Thomas Edison， which came to be the symbol of inspiration， has been developed into hundreds， if not thousands， of forms．Today， a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices．There are standard-shaped bulbs， flame-shaped bulbs， colored globe-shaped bulbs， and more．It is quite easy， with all that choice， to change a light bulb．
[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there．All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures， from the desk lamp you study by， to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother， to the ceiling fixture in your closet， to the light in your oven or refrigerator， and to the light that the dentist points at you．It is easy to change a light bulb， sure， but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture．
[ F ] And there is more to the story， because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics， but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows．
[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out， “ Generally， there are no bad light sources， only bad applications．" There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent （荧光的） light bulb ]， yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire （照明装置 ） that houses it， along with the space in which both are installed， and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied．The lamp， the fixture， and the room， all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users．If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space， or an object within that space， the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp， and that fixture with the room．It is a symbiotic （共生的 ） relationship．A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out， foggy， and dim．The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition．
[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting， being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty．
[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum．It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from， say， coal to nuclear power in 20 years．But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise．That is because the engineers，designers， regulators， operators， and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first （or retrained， if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry）， and education， like any other complicated endeavor， takes time．And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained， they have to be trained in the right sequence．One needs the designers， and perhaps the regulators， before the builders and operators， and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation．In some cases， colleges and universities might have to change their training programs，
adding another layer of difficulty．
[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum．The major components of our energy systems， such as fuel production， refining， electrical generation and distribution， are costly installations that have lengthy life spans．They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered．When investors put up money to build， say， a nuclear power plant， they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant， which is typically between 40and 60 years．Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!
The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York"s Hudson River， and it went into commercial service in 1898．
[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out， "All the forecasts， plans， and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions， and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner．"
[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy， whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power， or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars， or even a switch．from an incandescent to a fluorescent light， understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible．
Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum．
查看材料
Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted
You are a manager in the audit department of Beech & Co, responsible for the audits of Fir Co, Spruce Co and Pine Co. Each company has a financial year ended 31 July 2011, and the audits of all companies are nearing completion. The following issues have arisen in relation to the audit of accounting estimates and fair values:
(a) Fir Co
Fir Co is a company involved in energy production. It owns several nuclear power stations, which have a remaining estimated useful life of 20 years. Fir Co intends to decommission the power stations at the end of their useful life and the statement of financial position at 31 July 2011 recognises a material provision in respect of decommissioning costs of $97 million (2010 – $110 million). A brief note to the financial statements discloses the opening and closing value of the provision but no other information is provided.
Required: Comment on the matters that should be considered, and explain the audit evidence you should expect to find in your file review in respect of the decommissioning provision. (8 marks)
(b) Spruce Co
Spruce Co is also involved in energy production. It has a trading division which manages a portfolio of complex financial instruments such as derivatives. The portfolio is material to the financial statements. Due to the specialist nature of these financial instruments, an auditor’s expert was engaged to assist in obtaining sufficient appropriate audit evidence relating to the fair value of the financial instruments. The objectivity, capabilities and competence of the expert were confirmed prior to their engagement.
Required:
Explain the procedures that should be performed in evaluating the adequacy of the auditor’s expert’s work. (5 marks)
(c) Pine Co
Pine Co operates a warehousing and distribution service, and owns 120 properties. During the year ended 31 July 2011, management changed its estimate of the useful life of all properties, extending the life on average by 10 years. The financial statements contain a retrospective adjustment, which increases opening non-current assets and equity by a material amount. Information in respect of the change in estimate has not been disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
Required:
Identify and explain the potential implications for the auditor’s report of the accounting treatment of the change in accounting estimates. (5 marks)
Today's astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion.
Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today's students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places—not abstract concepts. Today's students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade ago.
In designing this edition, the Wadsworh editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity's discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.
This passage is most probably taken from
A．an article of popular science.
B．the introduction of a book of astronomy.
C．a lecture given by the author to astronomy students.
D．the preface of a piece of science fiction.
A.irritation
B.genetic engineering
C.nuclear weapon
D.nuclear power
After several nuclear disasters, a _________ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.
A．quarrel
B．suspicion
C．verdict
D．controversy
