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What economic and cross-cultural challenges do managers face when motivating employee
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更多“What economic and cross-cultur…”相关的问题
What is special about this economic downturn in Seattle？
A．All sectors have entered recession at the same time.
B．The lay-off workers have found jobs elsewhere.
C．The Old Economy is hit harder than other economies.
D．The low employment rate will last longer than in Oregon.
According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to ______ .
A．see the link between trust and data protection.
B．perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
C．realize the high cost of data restoration.
D．appreciate the economic value of trust.
听力原文：W: What do you think of the objective of monetary policies？
M: It is to maintain the stability of currency and thereby promote economic growth.
Q: What is the objective of monetary policies？
(12)
A．Expanding business.
B．Maintaining the stability of currency.
C．Decreasing economic growth.
D．Supervising the banking system.
What is the balance of payments？
A．The balance of payments is a digital table of all the economic transactions between residents of the reporting country and residents of the rest of the world during a given time period.
B．The balance of payments is a figured table of all the economic transactions between residents of the reporting country and resident of the rest of the world during a given time period.
C．The balance of payments is a statistical record of all the economic transactions between residents of the reporting country and residents of the rest of the world during a given time period.
D．The balance of payment is a digital record of all the economic transactions between residents of the reporting country and residents of the test of the world during a given time period.
What is the main function of deposit insurance fund？
A．To ensure that the banks have sufficient fund to finance other economic sectors.
B．To protect the banks from all kinds of risks arising from their operation.
C．To meet requirements of financial needs of the public.
D．To pledge to depositors that their money is safe whenever a bank is insolvency.
What can be inferred in the passage concerning Boeing？
A．Its headquarter has been moved from Chicago to Seattle.
B．It's to be blamed for the economic depression in Washington.
C．Boeing itself is having a hard time.
D．It's expected to have a revival in the year 2003.
What is the expected annual residual income of the initial investment？
A.$0
B.($270,000)
C.$162,000
D.$216,000
regulate corporate governance were futile because of differences in national culture. He drew particular attention to
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and International Corporate Governance
Network (ICGN) codes, saying that they were, ‘silly attempts to harmonise practice’. He said that in some countries,
for example, there were ‘family reasons’ for making the chairman and chief executive the same person. In other
countries, he said, the separation of these roles seemed to work. Another delegate, Alliya Yongvanich, said that the
roles of chief executive and chairman should always be separated because of what she called ‘accountability to
shareholders’.
One delegate, Vincent Viola, said that the right approach was to allow each country to set up its own corporate
governance provisions. He said that it was suitable for some countries to produce and abide by their own ‘very
structured’ corporate governance provisions, but in some other parts of the world, the local culture was to allow what
he called, ‘local interpretation of the rules’. He said that some cultures valued highly structured governance systems
while others do not care as much.
Required:
(a) Explain the roles of the chairman in corporate governance. (5 marks)
I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom.
Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.
第31题：1. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.
［A］ corrective measures
［B］ encouraging methods
［C］ preventive efforts
［D］ revolutionary actions
In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and the population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been "economists" , they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been "technologists", they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.
According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U. S. farms in 170？
A．Animals.
B．Humans.
C．Engines.
D．Water.
3 The Chemical Services Group plc (CSG), which operates a divisionalised structure, provides services to industrial and
domestic customers in Swingland, a country whose economic climate is subject to significant variations. There have
been a number of recent changes at board level within CSG and therefore the managing director called a meeting of
the board of directors at which each of four recently appointed directors put forward their view as to what their primary
focus should be. These were as follows:
The research and development director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we continue to develop
the products and services that satisfy the requirements of our existing and potential customers’.
The finance director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon keeping our investors satisfied’.
The human resources director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we take all the steps necessary to
establish and maintain our reputation as a responsible employer’.
The corporate affairs director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon the need to ensure that we are recognised as a
socially responsible organisation’.
Required:
(a) Discuss the criteria that should be considered in deciding upon suitable performance measures in respect of
the primary focus of each of the FOUR directors of CSG providing THREE appropriate quantitative measures
for each primary focus.
Note: your answer may include financial or non-financial quantitative measures. (12 marks)
