题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
(b) Explain Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development and identify the levels of moral development
demonstrated by the contributions of Gary Howells, Vanda Monroe and Martin Chan. (12 marks)
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Mahmood is a junior employee of Tzo Company (a large, listed company). Tzo is a processor of food labelled as containing only high quality meat. The company enjoys the trust and confidence of its customers because of its reputation for high quality products. One day, when passing through one area of the plant, Mahmood noticed some inferior meat being mixed with the normal product. He felt this must be unauthorised so he informed his supervisor, the factory manager, who told Mahmood that this was in fact a necessary cost reduction measure because company profits had been declining in recent months. Mahmood later found out that all stages of the production process, from purchasing to final quality control, were adapted in order to make the use of the inferior meat possible.
The factory manager told Mahmood that the inferior meat was safe for humans to eat and its use was not illegal. However, he told Mahmood that if knowledge of the use of this meat was made public, it would mean that customers might stop buying the products. Many jobs could be lost, probably including Mahmood’s own. The factory manager ordered Mahmood to say nothing about the inferior meat and to conduct his job as normal. Mahmood later discovered that the main board of Tzo was aware of the use of the inferior meat and supported its use in seeking to reduce costs and maintain profits. In covering up the use of the inferior meat, the factory produced a fraudulent quality control report to show that the product was purely based on high quality meat when the company knew that this was not so.
When Mahmood heard this, he was very angry and considered telling an external source, such as the local newspaper, about what he had seen and about how the company was being dishonest with its customers.
Required:
(a) Explain how Mahmood might act, in each case, if he were to adopt either conventional or post-conventional ethical assumptions according to Kohlberg’s definitions of these terms. Your answer should include an explanation of these two terms. (8 marks)
(b) Construct an ethical case for Mahmood to take this matter directly to an external source such as a newspaper. (8 marks)
(c) Some jurisdictions have a compulsory regulatory requirement for an auditor-reviewed external report on the operation and effectiveness of internal controls (such as s.404 of Sarbanes Oxley).
Required:
Explain how such a requirement may have helped to prevent the undisclosed use of the inferior meat at Tzo Company. (9 marks)
In recent discussions with Peter Wise, the managing director, it was agreed that as part of his continuous professional development (CPD) as a director, Angus should attend an overseas conference on tackling internet fraud, a line of business activity the company was keen to develop.
After the opening session, which gave delegates details of the content of the three-day conference, Angus realised that he already knew everything which was going to be covered from his private studies. So he decided instead to spend his time more productively at a local library reading up on issues which would directly help him with a forthcoming major assignment. He phoned Peter before leaving the conference explaining what he planned to do, but Peter said that he would still like him to attend the conference as he was bound to pick up new areas of useful and relevant knowledge. However, Angus still decided to leave after the morning coffee break.
He was observed leaving by one of the conference organisers, despite remaining signed in for the whole all day. At the start of Day 2, Angus returned to sign the attendance register again, but then immediately proceeded to leave the conference building. He was approached by the conference organiser who advised Angus that he really ought to report his absence. Angus explained to the conference organiser that he already knew much of the content of the conference, and so felt that it would be waste of his time if he stayed. Instead, he explained, he planned to spend the time more productively researching subject matter which better suited both his personal development and his company’s needs. On reflection, the conference organiser decided to report Angus’s absence.
Required:
(a) Evaluate the benefits of CPD to Angus Fortune, and describe the features of effective CPD. (10 marks)
(b) With reference to Kohlberg’s theory of human moral development, describe conventional level reasoning and discuss how Kohlberg’s conventional level arguments could be used to justify the conference organiser’s decision to report his absence. (8 marks)
(c) Evaluate Angus’s actions at the conference against the fundamental ethical principles which should have guided his behaviour as a professional accountant. (7 marks)
(b) Explain the major benefits of pursuing a policy of internal development. (4 marks)
A.EXPLAIN(FORMAT JSON) SELECT * FROM tpcds.customer_address;
B.EXPLAIN(COSTS FALSE)SELECT * FROM tpcds.customer_address;
C.EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM tpcds.customer_address;
(b) Explain and give examples of assertive behaviour. (7 marks)
(b) Briefly explain THREE limitations of negotiated transfer prices. (3 marks)
(b) Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of:
(i) the face to face interview between two people; (6 marks)
(b) Explain Mintzberg’s five organisational components. (10 marks)
(b) (i) Explain the matters you should consider to determine whether capitalised development costs are
appropriately recognised; and (5 marks)
