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Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency （crimes committed by young p

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories （） on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior. （） they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior. through （） with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in （） to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic （社会经济的）status （） as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, （） the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes （） lack of adequate parental control.All theories, however, are tentative （尝试性的）and are （） to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly （） juvenile crime rates.For example, changes in the economy that （） to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment （） make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

The resulting discontent may in （） lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also （） changes these years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; （）, children are likely to have less supervision at home （） was common in the traditional family （）.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other （） causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased （） of drugs and alcohol, and the growing （） of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, （） a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

1.A.actingB.relyingC.centeringD.commenting

2.A.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.because

3.A.interactionsB.assimilationC.cooperationD.consultation

4.A.returnB.replyC.referenceD.response

5.A.orB.but ratherC.butD.or else

6.A.consideringB.ignoringC.highlightingD.discarding

7.A.onB.inC.forD.with

8.A.immuneB.resistantC.sensitiveD.subject

9.A.affectB.reduceC.blockD.reflect

10.A.pointB.leadC.comeD.amount

11.A.in generalB.on averageC.by contrastD.at length

12.A.caseB.shortC.turnD.essence

13.A.survivedB.noticedC.undertakenD.experienced

14.A.contrarilyB.consequentlyC.similarlyD.simultaneously

15.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as

16.A.systemB.structureC.conceptD.tradition

17.A.assessableB.identifiableC.negligibleD.incredible

18.A.expenseB.restrictionC.allocationD.availability

19.A.incidenceB.awarenessC.exposureD.popularity

20.A.providedB.sinceC.althoughD.supposing

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第2题
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第3题
Describe each of the four early theories of motivation.
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第4题
The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical
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A.The Child as a Utilitarian Organism.

B.The Development of Cultural Values.

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D.The Place of Children in American Society.

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B.physical characteristics

C.productive capacity

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第5题
Portfolio theories of the demand for money are based on money"s function as a ___

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第6题
The paragraph following will most likely discuss ________. [A] the writer's intelli

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第7题
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第8题
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第9题
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(ii) Describe best practice measures which could be employed by MRA to combat bribery and corruption. (6 marks)

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第10题
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第11题
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