题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.如果坚持学习,我们会取得成功吗
B.只是如果坚持学习,我们会取得巨大成功
C.仅仅如果坚持学习,我们才能取得巨大成功
D.只有坚持学习,我们才能取得巨大成功
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For example, it is recorded in many history books the people who lived over three thousand years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead.
In some periods of history, a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law. Take the eighteenth century for an example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he would be thrown into prison. History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during that century for stealing salt! About one hundred and fifty years ago, in the year 1553, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished. The offender' s ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the dinner table of a king. It was always placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king' s table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it.
Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used ______.
A．to punish people who had broken the law
B．to keep dead bodies from decay
C．to keep fish alive
D．to make chemicals
AlphaGo’s victory over Go(围棋 )champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to 15 years away. But if the timing was a surprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable.
Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well. Just as they beat the world champions at checkers(跳棋)and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet I don’t believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most of us with nothing to do. Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren’t doomed.
The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people, will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out: The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else’s pain. It’s the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way.
The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn’t team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member’s IQ; rather, it’s the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating.
The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis will continue to be important, but that’s exactly what technology does so well. To change people’s minds or inspire them to act, tell them a story.
These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves. As computers master ever more complexity, that’s where we’ll find the source of our continued value.
According to the author, AlphaGo’s victory_____.
A.could have happened earlier
B.came as a pleasant surprise
C.was an expected result
D.was more a matter of luck
The word “presage”(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to“ _____”.A.survive
B.suffer
C.invent
D.predict
Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction？A.Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.
B.Strong ability to share people’s feelings and respond.
C.Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.
D.Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.
According to the author, the skills of deep human interaction .A.are the source of true human values in the future
B.can work with knowledge to make the world better
C.are similar to the skills of human logic and analysis
D.can be learned from textbooks and in classrooms
What is the author’s attitude towards the human future in the face of technology？A.Unclear
B.Confused
C.Worried
D.Optimistic
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, as early as the eleventh century B. C.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honour and authority. In the Far East in ancient times the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared a gain in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.
By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style. during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn' t until the twentieth century that women' s umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colours.
According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented ______.
A．in ancient China
B．in ancient Egypt
C．in ancient Greece
D．in ancient Rome
We may learn from the passage that psychiatrists ______.
A．study physical illness only
B．study people' s mind and behavior
C．are not medical doctors
D．mainly treat mental disease
Researchers from Yale and the University of Connecticut followed 600 middle-schoolstudents as they developed from fifth to seventh grade, nothing their weight and if they had zerobreakfast, breakfast either at home or at school, or breakfast in both places. They found thatweight gain among second-breakfast eaters was no different from the average gain seen amongall students. Children who didn ’t eat breakfast, or ate it only sometimes, were more likely to beoverweight than double-breakfasters. It should be noted that only about one in ten children inthe study ate two breakfasts.
The study wasn’t designed to figure out why this might be true, but the researchers havesome theories: that people who don ’t eat breakfast (or any meal) might overeat later in the day,and that as people become obese, they tend to reduce calories （热量） by having no breakfast.
Yes, school breakfasts are more like a healthy snack（零食） than a full meal, and growingteens can eat a large amount of food. But if you ’re still not eating breakfast because you think itgives you more colories, you are not only mistaken, but you are also missing out one of life ’s greatpleasures.
What do we know about the research according to Paragraph 1？
A.It was about the effect of dinner on weight gain.
B.Its result was opposite to the author’s opinion.
C.It was done on overweight school children.
D.Its result might also be true of adults.
Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2？A.About 90% of the children in the study had two breakfasts a day.
B.About 90% of the children in the study had one breakfast a day.
C.About 10% of the children in the study had two breakfasts a day.
D.About 10% of the children in the study had no breakfast at all.
What does the underlined word obese mean in Paragraph 3？A.Overweight.
B.Strong.
C.Tall.
D.Hungry.
According to the researchers, some people don’t eat breakfast because _____.A.they have no time
B.they prefer snacks
C.they want to keep fit
D.they want to eat more at lunch
What is the best title of this passage？A.Breakfast and School Performance
B.Breakfast and Weight Gain
C.Breakfast and Life Pleasure
D.Breakfast and Snacks
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the Chinese were the first to use it in the eleventh century B. C.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by the king or by those in high office.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared, Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And a gain it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.
By the 18th century the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrella have not changed much in style. during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas were made, in a whole variety of colors.
According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented ______.
A．in ancient China
B．in ancient Europe
C．in ancient Greece
D．in ancient Rome
Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted
iCompute was founded twenty years ago by the technology entrepreneur, Ron Yeates. It initially specialised in building bespoke computer software for the financial services industry. However, it has expanded into other specialised areas and it is currently the third largest software house in the country, employing 400 people. It still specialises in bespoke software, although 20% of its income now comes from the sales of a software package designed specifically for car insurance.
The company has grown based on a ‘work hard, play hard work ethic’ and this still remains. Employees are expected to work long hours and to take part in social activities after work. Revenues have continued to increase over the last few years, but the firm has had difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. Approximately one-third of all employees leave within their first year of employment at the company. The company appears to experience particular difficulty in recruiting and retaining female staff, with 50% of female staff leaving within 12 months of joining the company. Only about 20% of the employees are female and they work mainly in marketing and human resources.
The company is currently in dispute with two of its customers who claim that its bespoke software did not fit the agreed requirements. iCompute currently outsources all its legal advice problems to a law firm that specialises in computer contracts and legislation. However, the importance of legal advice has led to iCompute considering the establishment of an internal legal team, responsible for advising on contracts, disputes and employment legislation.
The support of bespoke solutions and the car insurance software package was also outsourced a year ago to a third party. Although support had been traditionally handled in-house, it was unpopular with staff. One of the senior managers responsible for the outsourcing decision claimed that support calls were ‘increasingly varied and complex, reflecting incompetent end users, too lazy to read user guides.’ However, the outsourcing of support has not proved popular with iCompute’s customers and a number of significant complaints have been made about the service given to end users. The company is currently reviewing whether the software support process should be brought back in-house.
The company is still regarded as a technology leader in the market place, although the presence of so many technically gifted employees within the company often creates uncertainty about the most appropriate technology to adopt for a solution. One manager commented that ‘we have often adopted, or are about to adopt, a technology or solution when one of our software developers will ask if we have considered some newly released technology. We usually admit we haven’t and so we re-open the adoption process. We seem to be in a state of constant technical paralysis.’
Although Ron Yeates retired five years ago, many of the software developers recruited by him are still with the company. Some of these have become operational managers, employed to manage teams of software developers on internal and external projects. Subba Kendo is one of the managers who originally joined the company as a trainee programmer. ‘I moved into management because I needed to earn more money. There is a limit to what you can earn here as a software developer. However, I still keep up to date with programming though, and I am a goalkeeper for one of the company’s five-a-side football teams. I am still one of the boys.’
However, many of the software developers are sceptical about their managers. One commented that ‘they are technologically years out of date. Some will insist on writing programs and producing code, but we take it out again as soon as we can and replace it with something we have written. Not only are they poor programmers, they are poor managers and don’t really know how to motivate us.’ Although revenues have increased, profits have fallen. This is also blamed on the managers. ‘There is always an element of ambiguity in specifying customers’ requirements. In the past, Ron Yeates would debate responsibility for requirements changes with the customer. However, we now seem to do all amendments for free. The customer is right even when we know he isn’t. No wonder margins are falling. The managers are not firm enough with customers.’
The software developers are also angry that an in-house project has been initiated to produce a system for recording time spent on tasks and projects. Some of the justification for this is that a few of the projects are on a ‘time and materials’ basis and a time recording system would permit accurate and prompt invoicing. However, the other justification for the project is that it will improve the estimation of ‘fixed-price’ contracts. It will provide statistical information derived from previous projects to assist account managers preparing estimates to produce quotes for bidding for new bespoke development contracts.
Vikram Soleski, one of the current software developers, commented that ‘managers do not even have up-to-date mobile phones, probably because they don’t know how to use them. We (software developers) always have the latest gadgets long before they are acquired by managers. But I like working here, we have a good social scene and after working long hours we socialise together, often playing computer games well into the early hours of the morning. It’s a great life if you don’t weaken!’
Required:
(a) Analyse the culture of iCompute, and assess the implications of your analysis for the company’s future performance. (13 marks)
(b) iCompute is currently re-considering three high level processes:
(i) Advice on legal issues (currently outsourced)
(ii) Software support (currently outsourced)
(iii) Time recording (in-house, bespoke software development)
Evaluate, using an appropriate framework or model, the suitability of iCompute’s current approach to EACH of these high level processes. (12 marks)
Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which aren't novels are generally extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the human voice talking, its order being the mind's natural flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas. Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it contains a point which is its real center, even if the point couldn't be uttered in fewer words than the essayist has used. Essays don't usually boil down to a summary, as articles do, and the style. of the writer has a "nap" to it, a combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand up like the nap (绒毛) on a piece of wool and can't be brushed flat. Essays belong to the animal kingdom, with a surface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur, compared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may have fewer "levels" than fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much about their meaning. In the old distinction between teaching and storytelling, the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each of us.
An essayist doesn't have to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth, he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is not autobiographical at all, but what it does keep in common with autobiography is that, through its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of the author's mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays are directly concerned with the mind and the mind's peculiarity, the very freedom the mind possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and the fascination of the mind is the fascination of the essay.
According to the passage the changes in readers' taste ______.
A．contribute to the incompatibility of essays with stories
B．often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least
C．sometimes come to something undesirable, of course
D．usually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machine or foreign workers.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average is just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genins. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra – their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs – about 6 millions in total – disappeared.”
There will always be change – new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution , the beat jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.
The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate
A.the impact of technological advances
B.the alleviation of jobs pressure
C.the shrinkages of textile mills
D.the decline of middle-class incomes
When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. (79) It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems blurry (模糊的). Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant objects clearly.
People who are farsighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism (散光). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障). Long ago these people olden became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle. To prove this to yourself, look at object out of one eye; then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object's relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.
We should take good care of our eyes ______.
A．only when we can see well
B．only when we cannot see perfectly
C．even if we can see dell
D．only when we realize how important our eyes are
Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse (社交), such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style. “street-crossing group.” Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat.
However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character. These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one’s true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself.”
Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one’s quality, ambition and inspiration.
Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand never stopping inputs. However, information, processed and integrated (融入) into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle (忙碌) seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves depth”.
Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.
Which of the following can replace the underlined the word “boisterously” in paragraph 1
A.surprisingly
B.sadly
C.busily
D.peacefully
What can we infer from the second paragraphA.Being alone marks people depressed.
B.Social intercourse improves our happiness.
C.One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people.
D.We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.
What can we know from Einstein’s wordsA.You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.
B.You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.
C.You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.
D.You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.
Which may be the best title for this passageA.Live on Your Own
B.Happiness and Loneliness
C.The Secret of Success
D.Practice Your Social Ability
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
