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Questions are based on the following passage. Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （

Questions are based on the following passage.

Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （黄烷醇 ） that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body"s use of insulin （胰岛素 ） .

Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. "A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it， and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate，" said Kumar.

But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also， during the production of chocolate， a lot of flavanols are destroyed， while sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor.

Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form.

They plan a four-year study of 18，000 adults， who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols， in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson， of the Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston， is the lead researcher. "This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate，" said Manson. The pills also won"t have any taste. Participants，divided in two groups， will take two identical pills a day. One group"s pills will contain flavanols， while the others will getplacebo （安慰剂 ） pills. "The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat，" said Manson.

Whatever the outcome of the study， Kumar said he"s not worried about his business. "People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate，whatever their favorites are，" he said.

The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage， so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills.

What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage？ 查看材料

A.Fat.

B.Insulin.

C.Sugar.

D.Flavanols.

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更多“Questions are based on the fol…”相关的问题
第1题
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。A.The International Lab

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。

A.The International Labor Organization’s key objective。

B.The basic social protection for the most vulnerable。

C.Rising unemployment worldwide。

D.Global economic recovery。

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第2题
Questions are based on the following passage．He was a qualified doctor who rarely practice

Questions are based on the following passage．

He was a qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing．He once said: "Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover．" Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modem short story．

(77) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family． After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper．

As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less． Chekhov&39;s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference（冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events． In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories．

Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia． Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair．

It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov&39;s stories and plays． He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters． (78) Chekhov&39;s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感）of an artist．

Some of Chekhov&39;s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s． One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell (装在套子里的人), about a school teacher&39;s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students．

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ 查看材料

A.had a lawful lover

B.was an illegal writer

C.used to be a lawyer

D.was a competent doctor

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第3题
Questions 6to 10are based on the followingpassage:It is difficult to imagine what life wou

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the followingpassage:

It is difficult to imagine what life would belike without memory. (78) The meanings of thou-sands of everydayperceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habitsand skills are to be found in our past experiences，which are brought into thepresent by memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keepinformation available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” thingslike arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the wayan animal typically behaves. (79) Memory is involved when a rat gives upeating grain be-cause he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memoryis also involved when a six- year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory exists not only in humans and animalsbut also in some physical objects and ma-chines. Computers, for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to comparethe memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. Theinstant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”一ready for instant use. An averageU. S.teenagerprobably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However,this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenagerhas stored. Consider, for ex-ample ，the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advancedproblem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memoryis in terms of words and combinations of words.

6. Accordingto the passage, memory is considered to be_____________.

A.the basis for decision making and problem solving

B.an ability to store experiences for future use

C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

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第4题
Questions are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots
Questions are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots

Questions are based on the following passage.

Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romanticrelationship can be swayed by the society we.live in.So says psychologist Maureen O'Sullivan from theUniversity of San Francisco.She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond tomaximise (使最大化) reproductive success.Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures tostay married.In those where ties to family and commtmity are strong, lifelong marriages can bepromoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seenas a contract between two families, not just two individuals.In modern western societies, however, thefocus on ndividuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守 ) the dictates of family and culture.In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,O'Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that shoulddetermine who we stay with and for how long."That's why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships," she says.According to O'Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually doexperience, when in love.Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss,disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary. "If youask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highlythings like loyalty, commitment and devotion," says O'Sullivan. "If you ask American college women,they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing,funny and a friend."We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romanticlove should feel like.If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you thatthis is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or familypressures to keep couples together, O'Sullivan argues.

What does the author say about people's views of an ideal romantic relationship？

A.They vary from culture to culture.

B.They ensure the reproductive success.

C.They reflect the evolutionary process.

D.They are influenced by psychologists.

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第5题
Questions are based on the following passage． According to a report from the Harvard Schoo

Questions are based on the following passage．

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health， many everyday products， including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids， could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children．The developing brain， the report says， is particularly （36） to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain， and the damage they cause can be （37） ．

The official policy， however， is still evolving．Health and environmental （38） have long urged U．S．government agencies to （39） the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects．In 2001， for example， the Environmental Protection Agency（40）the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care （41）， after concerns were raised about lead poisoning．The agency is now （42）the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report．

But the threshold for regulation is high．Because children"s brain and behavioral disorders， like hyperactivity and lower grades， can also be linked to social and genetic factors， it"s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid （43）evidence， which is what the EPA requires．Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct（44）but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues．

Nonetheless， it"s smart to（45）caution．While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals， keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can"t hurt．

A．advocates

B．compact

C．correlation

D．exercise

E．facilities

F．interaction

G．investigating

H．overwhelmed

I．particles

J．permanent

K．restricted

L．simulating

M．statistical

N．tighten

O．vulnerable

第（36）题选

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第6题
There are age-related differences in our ability to lie. These are【B1】______the developmen
t of the prefrontal cortex—a part of the brain involved in controlling our behavior. It doesnt fully develop until young【B2】______, after which it gradually declines. We【B3】______that the ability to lie would also follow this【B4】______and thats what we found. We focus on the cognition of lying—how hard it is to lie,【B5】______we can judge by how long it takes a person to【B6】______a false statement. Theres a lot of evidence suggesting lying is more【B7】______demanding than telling the truth. Lying is a very【B8】______phenomenon. There are many【B9】______involved—the motivation to lie, emotions , social factors and so on. We【B10】______the cognitive aspect of lying. Its a narrow scope, but that【B11】______us to apply science to the issue. Why do young adults lie【B12】______？ I am speculating, but it【B13】______has something to do with gaining【B14】______at that age—becoming an individual and【B15】______themselves from their parents or teachers. They tend to lie more to authority figures. Weve been developing computerised tests where we try to【B16】______whether a person is lying or not, based on how fast they respond. Another approach might be to make lying more【B17】______You could ask them to tell their story in【B18】______order, for example, or ask questions that they wouldnt【B19】______For a long time, lie detection has focused on techniques that are based on stress. But these gave a lot of false positives, because truth-tellers can get as stressed as【B20】______

【B1】

A．in accordance with

B．in line with

C．in comparison with

D．in addition to

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第7题

Questions are based on the following passage．Knowing that you are paid less than your pee

Questions are based on the following passage．

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness．One is negative: athinner pay packet hurts self-esteem （自尊）．The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap isseen as improving your own chances of similar riches．

A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St．Andrews separates the two effectsusing data from household surveys in Germany．Previous work showed that the income of others canhave a small， or even positive， overall effect on employees" satisfaction in individual finns in Denmarkor in very dynamic economies， such as Eastern Europe．But Mr．FitzRoy"s tean~ proposed that olderworkers， who largely know their lifetime incomes already， will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect．Thenegative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for peopleaged under 45．In western Germany， seeing peers" incomes rising actually makes young people happier．It is only those people over 45， when careers have "reached a stable position"， whose happiness is harmed by the success of others．

The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive．Those with jobs are no happier after they retire， however， perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations．Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls shortof social expectations．Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance．Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lowerincomes， but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others．

Indeed， retiring early from work can have side-effects．Another paper， co-authored by AndreasKuhn of the University of Zurich， investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurancerules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others．Men retiring a yearearly lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13%．Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed

to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss．The death wascaused by smoking and alcohol consumption．If you"re in a job， even when you are paid less， hang on in there．

One of the effects of lower pay than your peers‘ is that（）．

A.it can motivate you to struggle for a similar salary

B.it can inspire you to argue with your manager

C.it may make you feel proud of your peers

D.it may force you to quit your current work

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第8题
Questions下列各 are based on the following passage. A newstudy shows a large gender gap on

Questions下列各 are based on the following passage.

A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nations professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.

"Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. "

"Itsvery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idont ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side."

A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. "

IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each others antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says.

Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says.

Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high.

Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.

Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral.

What is the finding of the new study？

A.The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.

B.Men and women understand economics quite differently.

C.The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.

D.Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,

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第9题
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questio
ns or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:

After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. (76) The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

(77) If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

1. A good title for this passage is .

A. Sleep

B. Good

C. Dreams

D. Work and Rest

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第10题
Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attemptedForion Electronics （Forion) manufactures a r

Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted

Forion Electronics (Forion) manufactures a range of electronic goods. Its business has grown rapidly over the last ten years and is now complex and international. Forion manufactures over 100 different products, selling into 25 different countries. There is a supplier base of over 200 companies from which Forion sources. As the business has become more complex, the board has found it difficult to pull together all the information that they require in order to make decisions.

The current information systems are developed in-house and are based in the functional departments (such as purchasing, manufacturing, warehousing and delivery, selling and marketing). The organisation uses the financial system as a means of bringing together information for an overview of corporate performance.

There have been a number of examples of problems encountered with information in Forion:

– there are inefficiencies arising from ordering the wrong amount of subcomponents;

– there are often stock-outs or obsolescence of unsold goods in the warehouses, although the marketing department prepares good sales forecasts; and

– sometimes, there are insufficient delivery vehicles available to meet customer deadlines.

The board of Forion believes the problems arise from poor information sharing within the company. They are considering the purchase of an enterprise resource planning system (ERPS) to be the single information system for the whole organisation.

Also, Forion is planning to launch a smartphone. However, in order to make it competitive they need to have high-visibility, durable screens. As the cost of screen development is considerable, it has been decided to form. a strategic alliance with a well-known screen manufacturer to provide this key component for the new smartphone. Bon Accord Screens (BAS) has been chosen as the strategic ally, as they have a strong reputation for their quality of manufacturing and new product development. BAS has been trying to break into the smartphone market for several years.

The alliance agreement has stipulated three critical areas of performance for BAS’ supply to Forion:

1. quality of manufacturing, measured by fault rates of screens supplied being within agreed tolerances (so that they fit Forion’s phone-bodies);

2. time of delivery, measured by the number of times a shipment is more than one day overdue; and

3. the ability to provide technical upgrades to the screens as the market demands.

The service level agreement (SLA) will be based on these three points and there will be financial penalties built into the agreement if BAS fails to meet these.

Required:

(a) Discuss the integration of information systems in an ERPS and how the ERPS may impact on performance management issues at Forion. (10 marks)

(b) Evaluate, from Forion’s viewpoint, the usefulness of the three critical areas in the alliance agreement for measuring the performance of BAS. (8 marks)

(c) Evaluate the relative reliability of financial and non-financial data from internal and external sources in the context of the alliance between Forion and BAS. (7 marks)

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第11题
选词填空：For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December（36） early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two（37）, record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever （38）, and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.

Enjoy the snow now, because （39）are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.

EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, （40） when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the（41 ）energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are （42）with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa（43） dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can （44 ） the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish （45）,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).

选词填空：For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusua

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