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Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana（大麻) use increased among r

Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana(大麻) use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. 1About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.

The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened (筛选) potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported drinking at least one extra drink a day.

The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post traumatic(外伤的)stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both P1SD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.

Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic(人口统计学的) factors such ms age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.

The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was ______.

A．alcohol

B．marijuana

C．cigarettes

D．cocaine

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更多“Survey results indicate that s…”相关的问题
第1题
Directions: Study the following table carefully and write a composition on A Survey on Rea
ding. Your composition should be based on the information given in the table. Write 100-120 words to (1) state the amount of reading, reading speed and the results of reading; (2) describe the possible relationship among the variables.

A Survey on Reading

The Results of Survey on Reading

The Number

of Students

Percentage of

the Total

The Total Amount

of Reading in a Term

Reading Speed

(words per hour)

Performance

(scores)

100

40%

350,000

3,000

＞80

80

32%

300,000

2,500

70-73

60

22%

250,000

2,000

60-69

30

6%

＜100,000

1,500

＜60

July,2000

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第2题
Sometimes a researcher cannot get valid results because ______.A．the information needed is

Sometimes a researcher cannot get valid results because ______.

A．the information needed is too complex to be gathered

B．personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques

C．personal interviewing is not as effective as other research techniques

D．both interviewer and interviewee may make mistakes during the interviewing

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第3题
Personal interviewing is most efective when all th...

Personal interviewing is most efective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area, Otherwise. the time and expense spent in travelling from one person to anotber makes this type of interviewing economically impractical.Personal intervicwing is usunlly used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by anotber technique. For example. a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial (表面的) answers that might be obtained with another method, It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques.Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many eases. human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interviewce(应试者)as an invasion of privacy ot threatening in any way will probably produce false or partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer must interpret the respondent&39;s statements. a certain amount of information loss results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully. In spite of the problems. At least two major advantages are provided by research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers.

It can be concluded from the passage that when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively big geographical area____.

A.personal interviewing is most effective

B.personal interviewing is economically impractical

C.personal interviewing is the only technique to get information

D.telephone interviewing may not be used

Sometimes a researcher cannot get valid results because____.A.the information needed is too complex to be gathered

B.personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques

C.personal interviewing is not as ffective as other research techniques

D.both interviewer and interviewee may make mistakes during the interviewing

In the second paragraph, the phrase“an invasion of privacy" most probably meansA.an unpleasant conversation

B.a challenge to interviewee’s professional skills

C.an interference with interviewee’s personal affairs

D.an interference with interviewee’s hobby

According to the last paragraph, one of the advantages of the personal interviewingA.the interviewer can ask the interviewee questions again in different ways

B.the interviewer can ask the interviewee some personal questions

C.the initial question do not produce the information desired

D.no one is present to clarify questions

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第4题
1 The board of Worldwide Minerals （WM) was meeting for the last monthly meeting before the

1 The board of Worldwide Minerals (WM) was meeting for the last monthly meeting before the publication of the yearend

results. There were two points of discussion on the agenda. First was the discussion of the year-end results;

second was the crucial latest minerals reserves report.

WM is a large listed multinational company that deals with natural minerals that are extracted from the ground,

processed and sold to a wide range of industrial and construction companies. In order to maintain a consistent supply

of minerals into its principal markets, an essential part of WM’s business strategy is the seeking out of new sources

and the measurement of known reserves. Investment analysts have often pointed out that WM’s value rests principally

upon the accuracy of its reserve reports as these are the best indicators of future cash flows and earnings. In order to

support this key part of its strategy, WM has a large and well-funded geological survey department which, according

to the company website, contains ‘some of the world’s best geologists and minerals scientists’. In its investor relations

literature, the company claims that:

‘our experts search the earth for mineral reserves and once located, they are carefully measured so that the company

can always report on known reserves. This knowledge underpins market confidence and keeps our customers

supplied with the inventory they need. You can trust our reserve reports – our reputation depends on it!’

At the board meeting, the head of the geological survey department, Ranjana Tyler, reported that there was a problem

with the latest report because one of the major reserve figures had recently been found to be wrong. The mineral in

question, mallerite, was WM’s largest mineral in volume terms and Ranjana explained that the mallerite reserves in

a deep mine in a certain part of the world had been significantly overestimated. She explained that, based on the

interim minerals report, the stock market analysts were expecting WM to announce known mallerite reserves of

4·8 billion tonnes. The actual figure was closer to 2·4 billion tonnes. It was agreed that this difference was sufficient

to affect WM’s market value, despite the otherwise good results for the past year. Vanda Monroe, the finance director,

said that the share price reflects market confidence in future earnings. She said that an announcement of an incorrect

estimation like that for mallerite would cause a reduction in share value. More importantly for WM itself, however, it

could undermine confidence in the geological survey department. All agreed that as this was strategically important

for the company, it was a top priority to deal with this problem.

Ranjana explained how the situation had arisen. The major mallerite mine was in a country new to WM’s operations.

The WM engineer at the mine said it was difficult to deal with some local people because, according to the engineer,

‘they didn’t like to give us bad news’. The engineer explained that when the mine was found to be smaller than

originally thought, he was not told until it was too late to reduce the price paid for the mine. This was embarrassing

and it was agreed that it would affect market confidence in WM if it was made public.

The board discussed the options open to it. The chairman, who was also a qualified accountant, was Tim Blake. He

began by expressing serious concern about the overestimation and then invited the board to express views freely. Gary

Howells, the operations director, said that because disclosing the error to the market would be so damaging, it might

be best to keep it a secret and hope that new reserves can be found in the near future that will make up for the

shortfall. He said that it was unlikely that this concealment would be found out as shareholders trusted WM and they

had many years of good investor relations to draw on. Vanda Monroe, the finance director, reminded the board that

the company was bound to certain standards of truthfulness and transparency by its stock market listing. She pointed

out that they were constrained by codes of governance and ethics by the stock market and that colleagues should be

aware that WM would be in technical breach of these if the incorrect estimation was concealed from investors. Finally,

Martin Chan, the human resources director, said that the error should be disclosed to the investors because he would

not want to be deceived if he were an outside investor in the company. He argued that whatever the governance codes

said and whatever the cost in terms of reputation and market value, WM should admit its error and cope with

whatever consequences arose. The WM board contains three non-executive directors and their views were also

invited.

At the preliminary results presentation some time later, one analyst, Christina Gonzales, who had become aware of

the mallerite problem, asked about internal audit and control systems, and whether they were adequate in such a

reserve-sensitive industry. WM’s chairman, Tim Blake, said that he intended to write a letter to all investors and

analysts in the light of the mallerite problem which he hoped would address some of the issues that Miss Gonzales

had raised.

Required:

(a) Define ‘transparency’ and evaluate its importance as an underlying principle in corporate governance and in

relevant and reliable financial reporting. Your answer should refer to the case as appropriate. (10 marks)

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第5题
Personal interviewing is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located
in a relatively small geographical area. Otherwise, the time and expense spent in travelling from one person to another makes this type of interviewing economically impractical. Personal interviewing is usually used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by another technique. For example, a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial answers that might be obtained with another method.

It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques. Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many cases, human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interviewee as an invasion of privacy or threatening in any way will probably produce false or partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer must interpret the respondent's statements, a certain amount of information lose results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully.

In spite of the problems, at least two major advantages are provided by this research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers.

It can be concluded from the passage that when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively big geographical area______.

A．personal interviewing is most effective

B．personal interviewing is economically impractical

C．personal interviewing is the only technique to get information

D．telephone interviewing may not be used

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第6题
第三篇College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to

第三篇

College Night Owls Have Lower Grades

College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls (晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.

They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages (GPAs) than those who are night people.

"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co-author Daniel J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.

"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic

performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.

The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.

In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado

researchers found a significant association .between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.

The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27.4 years, who were divided into two groups - low GPAs and high GPAs.

Among those with low GPAs, 69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep, 53.1 percent

experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.

"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."

41 In the first study, students who stay up late

A had lower GPAs

B had higher GPAs.

C performed equally well in their studies.

D had little difficulty concentrating during the day

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第7题
根据以下材料，回答下列各题 [A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable
—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground？ Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.

[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.

[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.

[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.根据以下材料，回答下列各题 [A] Some archaeological sites have a正确答案是_______.

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第8题
v. 调查，查看， n. 民意测验（）

A.survey

B.sweater

C.suitable

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第9题
“她计划下个星期去做调查”，怎么说（）

A.She does a survey next week

B.She is going to do a survey next week

C.She are going to do a survey next week

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第10题
词义为 超越 的单词是（）

A.surname

B.surpass

C.survey

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第11题
What was the average age of the runners at the beginning of the survey？A．50B．58C．68

What was the average age of the runners at the beginning of the survey？

A．50

B．58

C．68

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