题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Why there are fewer plants, trees and flowers in Holland now？
A．Because there has been a lot of pollution there.
B．Because there was a shortage of water.
C．Because many plants, trees and flowers have been destroyed.
D．Because Holland does not need so many plants, trees and flowers.
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更多“Why there are fewer plants, tr…”相关的问题
A. it's full
B. Good question
C. I bet that was fun
D. Good idea
E. I used to
F. fewer cars
G. Look
H. Hey
A: Why is there never a bus when you want one？
B: (56) . There aren't enough buses on this route.
A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.
B: (57) . You should say that we need more subway lines, too.
A. Yeah. There should be more public transportation in general.
B: And (58) ! There's too much traffic.
A: (59) , is that our bus coming？
B: Yes, it is. But look, (60)
A: Oh, no! Let's go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I'm going to write.
According to this law, changes in the prices of goods cause change in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply-then number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up. Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand (people buy more shoes) and a decrease in supply (producers make fewer shoes).
Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about price and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand. At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3000 and the price of the shoes is $30. $30 is the equilibrium price: at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(过剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes. On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage —more demand than supply—and the price will go up.
According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the good. The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.
Why does an increase in price cause an increase in supply？ ______
A．Consumers buy more goods when prices are high.
B．Producers make more goods when prices are high.
C．Producers want to sell all of their goods.
D．Consumers will not buy all of the goods.
Samuel Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches about 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive. The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging (老龄化) Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometime after their own children have grown up. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long-term care. These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses (配偶) will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.
Because Americans are living longer than ever, more social workers have begun to study ways of caregiving to improve the care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic; They believe that they are the best people for the job. The social workers have also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. Many caregivers believe they had an obligation (职责) to help their relatives. Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful. Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.
Samuel Preston's study shows that______.
A．lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing
B．most American couples over 40 have no living parents
C．middle-aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same time
D．elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness
Radiocarbon Dating
Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.
Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(质子) and six neutrons(中子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form. of carbon that has two extra neutrons(原子核). It returns to a more stable form. of carbon through a process called decay(衰减). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.
In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射) from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.
Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen(氮)-14, or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.
All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织). Once an organism(有机体) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.
Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at theUniversity of Oxford.
[51] By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quitthe right way — by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her Study, participants were randomly (随机地) assigned to two groups. Onehad to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually overthe course of two weeks. [52]People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, inaddition to a second form. of nicotinereplacement like gum or spray. They also hadtalk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Sixmonths out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it — more thanone-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group.Although these numbers appear low, it’s a very, very low quit rate if people trywithout support.
And thequit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, mostof the people had said they’drather cut down gradually before quitting.[54] “If you’re training for a marathon, youwouldn’t expectto turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smokingas well. They think, ‘Well, ifI gradually reduce, it’s almost practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley.But that wasn’t the case. [55] Instead of giving people practice,the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal before they evenreached the quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actuallymade it to that point.[53]“Regardlessof your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quittingabruptly is more effective,” says Dr.Gabriela Ferreira. “When youcan quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit,that’s acompelling number, and I think that translates to the patient. It gives themthe encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
Peoplerarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they canmaximize the odds of success.
51. What dose Lindson-Hawley sayabout her mother？
A) She quit smoking with herdaughter’s help.
B) She succeeded in quittingsmoking abruptly.
C) She was also a researcher oftobacoo and health.
D) She studied the smokingpatterns of adult smokers.
52. What kind of support didsmokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study？
A) They were given physicaltraining.
B) They were looked after byphysicians.
C) They were encouraged bypsychologist.
D) They were offered nicotinereplacement.
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreiraview the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment？
A) It is idealized.
B) It is unexpected.
C) It is encouraging.
D) It is misleading.
54. The idea of “a marathon” (Line2, Para 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking ______.
A) is something few canaccomplish.
B) needs some practice first.
C) requires a lot of patience.
D) is a challenge at thebeginning.
55. What happens when people try toquit smoking gradually？
A) They find it even moredifficult.
B) They are simply unable to makeit.
C) They show fewer withdrawalsymptom.
D) They feel much less pain in theprocess.
A．less, less
B．fewer, fewer
C．less, fewer
D．fewer, less
A.ollows/obeys;less
B.ollows/obeys;fewer
C.will follow/obey;fewer
Passage Two
“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger，”says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her study, participants were randomly (随机地)assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form. of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they&39;d rather cut down gradually before quitting.“If you&39;re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,‘ Well， if I gradually reduce, it&39;s like practice，&39;”says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn&39;t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you&39;re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,”says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that&39;s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it，”Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother？
A.She quit smoking with her daughter’s help
B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly
C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health
D.She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers
How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment？A.It is idealized
B.It is unexpected
C.It is encouraging
D.It is misleading
What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually？A.They find it even more difficult
B.They are simply unable to make it
C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms
D.They feel much less pain in the process
What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study？A.They were given physical training
B.They were looked after by physicians
C.They were encouraged by psychologists
D.They were offered nicotine replacements
The idea of “a marathon”(Line 2, Para.5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smokingA.is something few can accomplish
B.needs some practice first
C.requires a lot of patience
D.is a challenge at the beginning
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Workers with skills in science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） are among the mmost in demand and highest paid．They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth， who will help shape the future．And most of them are men．Nadya Fouad， a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee， and her colleagues surveyed more than 5，000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades．They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place．For more than two decades， women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees．Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women．For the most part， Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates， the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office， and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance．Of the women who left the field less than five years ago， two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields——72 percent became either managers or executives．One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn"t settle work-life conflicts．
It is not about making the women more confident or anything．It"s really about the climate in the workplace， Fouad said．Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don"t have superior support．They don"t have training and development opportunities．And their colleagues are not civil to them， look down upon them， or talk behind their backs．The fmdings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don"t go into or don"t stay in STEM fields．The previous studies tend
to explain that women aren"t "naturally" smart enough， and that these are careers for men．Furthermore， Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment．The problem should be recognized that women aren"t leaving just because they want to spend time with their children．They"re leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance．The company， starting from the managers， is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women"s development and advance．
It is commonly believed that STEM workers__________． 查看材料
A.receive less salary compared with their skills
B.are helpful to promote economic development
C.are more than in demand
D.resolve driving problems
A、carefully, little
B、more carefully, fewer
C、more careful, less
D、more careful, fewer
