题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A B C
body，and think up a way to recover.
D
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更多“Scientists created a brainy，fo…”相关的问题
A、create
B、created
C、have created
D、has created
A.would be ideal
B.would have been ideal
C.will be ideal
D.will have been ideal
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others？ One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment. 1. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies？ A.Seneca's thinking is still applicable today. B.Better learners will become better teachers. C.Human intelligence tends to grow with age. D.Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
A、Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.
B、Better learners will become better teachers.
C、Human intelligence tends to grow with age.
D、Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.
The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.
Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of “potential persons”. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this “potential” supposed to kick in？ In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.
The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.
第6题：Which of the following is true of Sony’s acquisition of Columbia Pictures？
［A］ It was motivated by Morita’s desire to project an image of success.
［B］ Sony’s top executives were quite convinced of its benefits for the company.
［C］ Entertainment industry insiders believed it was the failure of Hollywood.
［D］ It was the expensive expansion from electronics into entertainment.
Data sharing: an open mind on open date
[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a&39;crisis&39; incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.
[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.
[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement&39;s benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.
[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.
[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.
[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head&39;s grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.
[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.
[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don&39;t have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it&39;s a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.
[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.
[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i&39;ve heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don&39;t spend their time being as productive as possible."
[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don&39;t . " there a new area to navigate-&39;are you cool with the fact that i&39;ll want to make the data open？&39;-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.
[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.
Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.
[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resot
Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i&39;m familiar with didn&39;t involve open data or code, "he says.
[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others&39; data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists&39; requests for data.
[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.
[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger
phere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."
36. astronomer david hogg doesn&39;t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.
37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them
38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.
39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation
41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations
42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing
43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project
44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming
45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.
Scrooge is a character created by Charles Dickens in his novel Great Expectations. ()
A.differet
B.the same
C.same
A.created
B.made
C.invented
D.produced
I heard except for the noise created by my own beastly ________ in the thickets.
A、wallowing
B、willows
C、wallowed
D、willowed
